Learning check
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The DNA molecule is made of nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of a sugar rest (S) with phosphate (P) and a nucleobase. There are four nucleobases present in DNA: Cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and adenine (A).
The DNA molecule is packed around histone proteins. During mitosis (cell division), large X-like structures are formed: mitotic chromosomes.
The DNA molecule's two functions
First: DNA contains genetic information – "recipes" for proteins.
Second: By replicating, the DNA carries the genetic information to the next generation.
The two functions of the DNA molecule are often called "the central dogma of molecular biology".